Religious elite

During the Middle Ages (including the Dark Ages and parts of the Renaissance), religious elites wielded considerable influence and power. Clergymen were often the only educated men, and frequently held seats of government power (see: Theocracy). Anyone disobeying the edicts of the church were branded heretics and persecuted.
In modern times, a religious elite still exists in the Pope and the Vatican Assembly. The Pope is elected by the College of Cardinals, while the cardinals themselves are appointed by prior papal decrees. Once elected, the Pope is in "office" for the remainder of his life (unless he resigns).
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